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<title>First Folio</title>

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First Folio

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</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Title page of the first impression (1623)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Martin_Droeshout" title="Martin Droeshout">Martin Droeshout</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance theatre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Edward_Blount" title="Edward Blount">Edward Blount</a> and <a href="William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William and Isaac Jaggard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1623</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 900</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Shakespeare_-_First_Folio_facsimile_(1910)" class="extiw external" title="s:Shakespeare - First Folio facsimile (1910)">Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies</a> at <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies is a collection of plays by <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, commonly referred to by modern scholars as the First Folio,<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> published in 1623, about seven years after Shakespeare's death. It is considered one of the most influential books ever published.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015-2">[1]</a>

Printed in <a href="Folio_(printing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folio (printing)">folio</a> format and containing 36 of <a href="Shakespeare's_plays#Canonical_plays" title="Shakespeare's plays">Shakespeare's plays</a>, it was prepared by Shakespeare's colleagues <a href="John_Heminges" title="John Heminges">John Heminges</a> and <a href="Henry_Condell" title="Henry Condell">Henry Condell</a>. It was <a href="Dedication_(publishing)" title="Dedication (publishing)">dedicated</a> to the "incomparable pair of brethren" <a href="William_Herbert%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke">William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke</a>, and his brother <a href="Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke">Philip Herbert</a>, Earl of Montgomery (later 4th Earl of Pembroke).

Although 19 of Shakespeare's plays had been published in <a href="Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a> before 1623, the First Folio is arguably the only reliable text for about 20 of the plays, and a valuable source text for many of those previously published. Eighteen of the plays in the First Folio, including <a href="The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a>, <a href="Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a>, <a href="Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>, <a href="Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a> and <a href="Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a> among others, are not known to have been previously printed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Libraryn.d.-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> The Folio includes all of the plays generally accepted to be Shakespeare's, except the following plays which are believed likely to have been written, at least partly, by Shakespeare; <a href="Pericles%2C_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a>, <a href="The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a>, <a href="Edward_III_(play)" title="Edward III (play)">Edward III</a>, and the two <a href="Lost_literary_work" title="Lost literary work">lost plays</a>, <a href="The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">Cardenio</a> and <a href="Love's_Labour's_Won" title="Love's Labour's Won">Love's Labour's Won</a>. Some believe the last of these is an alternative title for a known published Shakespeare play.

Of perhaps 750 copies printed, 235 are known to remain,<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> most of which are kept in either public archives or private collections. More than one third of the extant copies are housed at the <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> in <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, which is home to a total of 82 First Folios.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">List of Shakespeare plays in quarto</a></div>

After a long career as an actor, dramatist, and <a href="Shareholder" title="Shareholder">sharer</a> in the <a href="Lord_Chamberlain's_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a> (later the <a href="King's_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a>) from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1585–90<a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a> until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1610–13, <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> died in <a href="Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, on 23 April 1616,<a href="#cite_note-11">[c]</a> and was buried in the <a href="Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> of the <a href="Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity%2C_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon">Church of the Holy Trinity</a> two days later.

Shakespeare's works—both poetic and dramatic—had a rich history in print before the publication of the First Folio: from the first publications of <a href="Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a> (1593) and <a href="The_Rape_of_Lucrece" title="The Rape of Lucrece">The Rape of Lucrece</a> (1594), 78 individual printed editions of his works are known. Of these, 23 consist of his poetry and the remaining 55 his plays. Counting by number of editions published before 1623, the best-selling works were Venus and Adonis (12 editions), The Rape of Lucrece (six editions), and <a href="Henry_IV%2C_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">Henry IV, Part 1</a> (six editions). Of the 23 editions of the poems, 16 were published in <a href="Octavo" title="Octavo">octavo</a>; the rest, and almost all of the editions of the plays, were printed in <a href="Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20166-12">[9]</a> The quarto format was made by folding a large sheet of printing paper twice, forming four leaves with eight pages. The average quarto measured 7 by 9 inches (18 by 23 cm) and was typically made up of nine sheets, giving 72 total pages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3-13">[10]</a> Octavos—made by folding a sheet of the same size three times, forming eight leaves with 16 pages—were about half as large as a quarto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20166-12">[9]</a> Since the cost of paper represented about 50-75% of a book's total production costs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3-13">[10]</a> octavos were generally cheaper to manufacture than quartos, and a common way to reduce publishing costs was to reduce the number of pages needed by compressing (using two columns or a smaller typeface) or abbreviating the text.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20166-12">[9]</a>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote"><div class="poem">

[Publish me in] the Smallest size,

Least I bee eaten vnder Pippin-pyes.

Or in th’ Apothicaryes shop bee seene

To wrap Drugg's: or to dry Tobacco in.

First (might I chuse) I would be bound to wipe,

Where he discharged last his Glister-pipe.

</div></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite">— <a href="Henry_Fitzgeffrey" title="Henry Fitzgeffrey">Henry Fitzgeffrey</a>, Certain Elegies (1618)</div></div>

Editions of individual plays were typically published in quarto and could be bought for 6<a href="Penny_(English_coin)" title="Penny (English coin)">d</a> (equivalent to £6 in 2023) without a binding. These editions were primarily intended to be cheap and convenient, and read until worn out or repurposed as wrapping paper (or worse), rather than high quality objects kept in a library.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3-13">[10]</a> Customers who wanted to keep a particular play would have to have it bound, and would typically bind several related or miscellany plays into one volume.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons201610-14">[11]</a> Octavos, though nominally cheaper to produce, were somewhat different. From <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1595–96 (Venus and Adonis) and 1598 (The Rape of Lucrece), Shakespeare's narrative poems were published in octavo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20167-15">[12]</a> In The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio, Tara L. Lyons argues that this was partly due to the publisher, John Harrison's, desire to capitalize on the poems' association with <a href="Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>: the Greek classics were sold in octavo, so printing Shakespeare's poetry in the same format would strengthen the association.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20168-16">[13]</a> The octavo generally carried greater prestige, so the format itself would help to elevate their standing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20167-15">[12]</a> Ultimately, however, the choice was a financial one: Venus and Adonis in octavo needed four sheets of paper, versus seven in quarto, and the octavo The Rape of Lucrece needed five sheets, versus 12 in quarto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20168-16">[13]</a> Whatever the motivation, the move seems to have had the intended effect: <a href="Francis_Meres" title="Francis Meres">Francis Meres</a>, the first known literary critic to comment on Shakespeare, in his Palladis Tamia (1598), puts it thus: "the sweete wittie soule of Ouid liues in mellifluous & hony-tongued Shakespeare, witnes his Venus and Adonis, his Lucrece, his sugred Sonnets among his priuate friends".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20168–9-17">[14]</a>

Pray tell me Ben, where does the mystery lurk,

What others call a play you call a work.

</div></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite">— anonymous, Wits Recreations (1640)</div></div>

Publishing literary works in folio was not unprecedented. Starting with the publication of Sir <a href="Philip_Sidney" title="Philip Sidney">Philip Sidney</a>'s <a href="The_Countess_of_Pembroke's_Arcadia" title="The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia">The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia</a> (1593) and <a href="Astrophel_and_Stella" title="Astrophel and Stella">Astrophel and Stella</a> (1598), both published by <a href="William_Ponsonby_(publisher)" title="William Ponsonby (publisher)">William Ponsonby</a>, there was a significant number of folios published, and a significant number of them were published by the men who would later be involved in publishing the First Folio.<a href="#cite_note-19">[d]</a> But quarto was the typical format for plays printed in the period: folio was a prestige format, typically used, according to <a href="Fredson_Bowers" title="Fredson Bowers">Fredson Bowers</a>, for books of "superior merit or some permanent value".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20161-20">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Printing">Printing</h2></div>

The contents of the First Folio were compiled by <a href="John_Heminges" title="John Heminges">John Heminges</a> and <a href="Henry_Condell" title="Henry Condell">Henry Condell</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2015321–323-21">[17]</a> the members of the <a href="Worshipful_Company_of_Stationers_and_Newspaper_Makers" title="Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers">Stationers Company</a> who published the book were the booksellers <a href="Edward_Blount" title="Edward Blount">Edward Blount</a> and the father/son team of <a href="William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William and Isaac Jaggard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> William Jaggard has seemed an odd choice by the <a href="King's_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a> because he had published the questionable collection <a href="The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a> as Shakespeare's, and in 1619 had printed new editions of 10 Shakespearean quartos to which he did not have clear rights, some with false dates and title pages (the <a href="False_Folio" title="False Folio">False Folio</a> affair). Indeed, his contemporary <a href="Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood">Thomas Heywood</a>, whose poetry Jaggard had pirated and misattributed to Shakespeare, specifically reports that Shakespeare was "much offended with M. Jaggard (that altogether unknown to him) presumed to make so bold with his name."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErne201326-23">[19]</a>

Heminges and Condell emphasised that the Folio was replacing the earlier publications, which they characterised as "stol'n and surreptitious copies, maimed and deformed by frauds and stealths of injurious impostors", asserting that Shakespeare's true words "are now offer'd to your view cured, and perfect of their limbes; and all the rest, absolute in their numbers as he conceived them."

The paper industry in England was then in its infancy and the quantity of quality <a href="Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">rag paper</a> for the book was imported from France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201641-24">[20]</a> It is thought that the <a href="Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> and printing of the First Folio was such a large job that the King's Men simply needed the capacities of the Jaggards' shop. William Jaggard was old, infirm and blind by 1623, and died a month before the book went on sale; most of the work in the project must have been done by his son Isaac.

The First Folio's publishing syndicate also included two stationers who owned the rights to some of the individual plays that had been previously printed: <a href="William_Aspley" title="William Aspley">William Aspley</a> (<a href="Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a> and <a href="Henry_IV%2C_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">Henry IV, Part 2</a>) and <a href="John_Smethwick" title="John Smethwick">John Smethwick</a> (<a href="Love's_Labour's_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a>, <a href="Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a>, and <a href="Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>). Smethwick had been a business partner of another Jaggard, William's brother John.

The printing of the Folio was probably done between February 1622 and early November 1623, and the book was entered into the <a href="Stationers'_Register" title="Stationers' Register">Stationers' Register</a> on 8 November 1623 (<a href="Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>).<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> It is possible that the printer originally expected to have the book ready early, since it was listed in the <a href="Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Frankfurt Book Fair</a> catalogue as a book to appear between April and October 1622, but the catalogue contained many books not yet printed by 1622, and the modern consensus is that the entry was simply intended as advance publicity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642–44-26">[22]</a> The first impression had a publication date of 1623, and the earliest record of a retail purchase is an account book entry for 5 December 1623 of <a href="Sir_Edward_Dering%2C_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Dering, 1st Baronet">Edward Dering</a> (who purchased two); the <a href="Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>, in <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, received its copy in early 1624 (which it subsequently sold for £24 as a superseded edition when the <a href="Folios_and_Quartos_(Shakespeare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare)">Third Folio</a> became available in 1663-1664).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1939257–264-27">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2></div>

The 36 plays of the First Folio occur in the order given below; plays that had never been published before 1623 are marked with an asterisk. Each play is followed by the type of source used, as determined by bibliographical research.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1974-28">[24]</a>

The term <a href="Foul_papers" title="Foul papers">foul papers</a> refers to Shakespeare's working drafts of a play. When completed, a transcript or fair copy of the foul papers would be prepared, by the author or by a scribe. Such a manuscript would have to be heavily annotated with accurate and detailed stage directions and all the other data needed for performance, and then could serve as a <a href="Prompt_book" title="Prompt book">prompt book</a>, to be used by the <a href="Prompter_(theatre)" title="Prompter (theatre)">prompter</a> to guide a performance of the play. Any of these manuscripts, in any combination, could be used as a source for a printed text. The label Qn denotes the n th quarto edition of a play.

<dl><dt>Comedies</dt></dl>

<ul><li>1 <a href="The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a> * – The play was set into type from a manuscript prepared by <a href="Ralph_Crane" title="Ralph Crane">Ralph Crane</a>, a professional <a href="Scrivener" title="Scrivener">scrivener</a> employed by the King's Men. Crane produced a high-quality result, with formal act/scene divisions, frequent use of parentheses and hyphenated forms, and other identifiable features.</li>

<li>2 <a href="The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a> * – another transcript by Ralph Crane</li>

<li>3 <a href="The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a> – another transcript by Ralph Crane</li>

<li>4 <a href="Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a> * – probably another Ralph Crane transcript</li>

<li>5 <a href="The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a> * – probably typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers," lightly annotated</li>

<li>6 <a href="Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a> – typeset from a copy of the quarto, lightly annotated</li>

<li>7 <a href="Love's_Labour's_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a> – typeset from a corrected copy of Q1</li>

<li>8 <a href="A_Midsummer_Night's_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a> – typeset from a copy of Q2, well-annotated, possibly used as a prompt-book</li>

<li>9 <a href="The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a> – typeset from a lightly edited and corrected copy of Q1</li>

<li>10 <a href="As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a> * – from a quality manuscript, lightly annotated by a prompter</li>

<li>11 <a href="The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a> * – typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers," somewhat annotated, perhaps as preparation for use as a prompt-book</li>

<li>12 <a href="All's_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a> * – probably from Shakespeare's "foul papers" or a manuscript of them</li>

<li>13 <a href="Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a> * – typeset either from a prompt-book or a transcript of one</li>

<li>14 <a href="The_Winter's_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a> * – another transcript by Ralph Crane</li></ul>

<dl><dt>Histories</dt></dl>

<ul><li>15 <a href="The_Life_and_Death_of_King_John" class="mw-redirect" title="The Life and Death of King John">King John</a> * – uncertain: a prompt-book, or "foul papers."</li>

<li>16 <a href="Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a> – typeset from Q3 and Q5, corrected against a prompt-book</li>

<li>17 <a href="Henry_IV%2C_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">Henry IV, Part 1</a> – typeset from an edited copy of Q5</li>

<li>18 <a href="Henry_IV%2C_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">Henry IV, Part 2</a> – uncertain: some combination of manuscript and quarto text</li>

<li>19 <a href="Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a> – typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers."</li>

<li>20 <a href="Henry_VI%2C_Part_1" title="Henry VI, Part 1">Henry VI, Part 1</a> * – likely from an annotated transcript of the author's manuscript</li>

<li>21 <a href="Henry_VI%2C_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">Henry VI, Part 2</a> – probably a Shakespearean manuscript used as a prompt-book</li>

<li>22 <a href="Henry_VI%2C_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">Henry VI, Part 3</a> – like 2H6, probably a Shakespearean prompt-book</li>

<li>23 <a href="Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a> – a difficult case: probably typeset partially from Q3, and partially from Q6 corrected against a manuscript (maybe "foul papers")</li>

<li>24 <a href="Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a> * – typeset from a fair copy of the authors' manuscript</li></ul>

<dl><dt>Tragedies</dt></dl>

<ul><li>25 <a href="Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a> – probably typeset from the quarto, corrected with Shakespeare's "foul papers," printed after the rest of the Folio was completed</li>

<li>26 <a href="Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a> * – set from a high-quality authorial transcript</li>

<li>27 <a href="Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a> – typeset from a copy of Q3 that might have served as a prompt-book</li>

<li>28 <a href="Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> – in essence a reprint of Q3</li>

<li>29 <a href="Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a> * – set from Shakespeare's foul papers or a transcript of them</li>

<li>30 <a href="Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a> * – set from a prompt-book, or a transcript of a prompt-book</li>

<li>31 <a href="Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a> * – probably set from a prompt-book, perhaps detailing an adaptation of the play for a short indoor performance</li>

<li>32 <a href="Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a> – one of the most difficult problems in the First Folio: probably typeset from some combination of Q2 and manuscript sources</li>

<li>33 <a href="King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a> – a difficult problem: probably set mainly from Q1 but with reference to Q2, and corrected against a prompt-book</li>

<li>34 <a href="Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a> – another difficult problem: probably typeset from Q1, corrected with a quality manuscript</li>

<li>35 <a href="Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a> * – possibly "foul papers" or a transcript of them</li>

<li>36 <a href="Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a> * – possibly another Ralph Crane transcript, or else the official prompt-book</li></ul>

Troilus and Cressida was originally intended to follow Romeo and Juliet, but the typesetting was stopped, probably due to a conflict over the rights to the play; it was later inserted as the first of the tragedies, when the rights question was resolved. It does not appear in the table of contents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964420-29">[25]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introductory_poem">Introductory poem</h2></div>

<a href="Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> wrote a preface to the folio with this poem addressed "To the Reader" facing the <a href="Droeshout_portrait" title="Droeshout portrait">Droeshout portrait</a> engraving:

This Figure, that thou here ſeeſt put,

It vvas for gentle Shakeſpeare cut;

Wherein the Grauer had a ſtrife

vvith Nature, to out-doo the life :

O, could he but haue dravvne his vvit

As vvell in braſſe, as he hath hit

His face; the Print vvould then ſurpaſſe

All, that vvas euer vvrit in braſſe.

But, ſince he cannot, Reader, looke

Not on his Picture, but his Booke.

                                              B. I.

</div></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compositors">Compositors</h2></div>

As far as modern scholarship has been able to determine,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964113-30">[26]</a> the First Folio texts were set into type by five <a href="Compositor_(typesetting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compositor (typesetting)">compositors</a>, with different spelling habits, peculiarities, and levels of competence. Researchers have labelled them A through E, A being the most accurate, and E an apprentice who had significant difficulties in dealing with manuscript copy. Their shares in typesetting the pages of the Folio break down like this:

<th>

</th>

<th>Comedies

</th>

<th>Histories

</th>

<th>Tragedies

</th>

<th>Total pages

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>"A"

</td>

<td>74

</td>

<td>80

</td>

<td>40

</td>

<td>194

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>"B"

</td>

<td>143

</td>

<td>89

</td>

<td>213

</td>

<td>445

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>"C"

</td>

<td>79

</td>

<td>22

</td>

<td>19

</td>

<td>120

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>"D"

</td>

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</style>35+1⁄2

</td>

<td>0

</td>

<td>0

</td>

<td>35+1⁄2

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>"E"

</td>

<td>0

</td>

<td>0

</td>

<td>71+1⁄2

</td>

<td>71+1⁄2

</td></tr></tbody></table>

Compositor "E" was most likely one John Leason, whose apprenticeship contract dated only from 4 November 1622. One of the other four might have been a John Shakespeare, of <a href="Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>, who apprenticed with Jaggard in 1610 to 1617. ("Shakespeare" was a common name in Warwickshire in that era; John was of no known relation to the playwright.)

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_First_Folio_and_variants">The First Folio and variants</h2></div>

<a href="W._W._Greg" title="W. W. Greg">W. W. Greg</a> has argued that <a href="Edward_Knight_(King's_Men)" title="Edward Knight (King's Men)">Edward Knight</a>, the "book-keeper" or "book-holder" (<a href="Prompter_(theatre)" title="Prompter (theatre)">prompter</a>) of the <a href="King's_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a>, did the actual proofreading of the manuscript sources for the First Folio. Knight is known to have been responsible for maintaining and annotating the company's scripts, and making sure that the company complied with cuts and changes ordered by the <a href="Master_of_the_Revels" title="Master of the Revels">Master of the Revels</a>.

Some pages of the First Folio—134 out of the total of 900—were proofread and corrected while the job of printing the book was ongoing. As a result, the Folio differs from modern books in that individual copies vary considerably in their typographical errors. There were about 500 corrections made to the Folio in this way.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964390-31">[27]</a> These corrections by the typesetters, however, consisted only of simple typos, clear mistakes in their own work; the evidence suggests that they almost never referred back to their manuscript sources, let alone tried to resolve any problems in those sources. The well-known <a href="Crux_(literary)" title="Crux (literary)">cruxes</a> in the First Folio texts were beyond the typesetters' capacity to correct.

The Folio was typeset and bound in "sixes"—three sheets of paper, taken together, were folded into a booklet-like quire or gathering of six leaves, 12 pages. Once printed, the "sixes" were assembled and bound together to make the book. The sheets were printed in two-page formes, meaning that pages 1 and 12 of the first quire were printed simultaneously on one side of one sheet of paper (which became the "outer" side); then pages 2 and 11 were printed on the other side of the same sheet (the "inner" side). The same was done with pages 3 and 10, and 4 and 9, on the second sheet, and pages 5 and 8, and 6 and 7, on the third. Then the first quire could be assembled with its pages in the correct order. The next quire was printed by the same method: pages 13 and 24 on one side of one sheet, etc. This meant that the text being printed had to be "cast off"—the compositors had to plan beforehand how much text would fit onto each page. If the compositors were setting type from manuscripts (perhaps messy, revised and corrected manuscripts), their calculations would frequently be off by greater or lesser amounts, resulting in the need to expand or compress. A line of verse could be printed as two; or verse could be printed as prose to save space, or lines and passages could even be omitted (a disturbing prospect for those who prize Shakespeare's works).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964319-32">[28]</a>

The First Folio was <a href="Early_texts_of_Shakespeare's_works#Folios" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">reprinted three times</a> in the 17th century, each time by different groups of stationers; these editions are referred to as the <a href="Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a>, Third Folio, and Fourth Folio.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holdings,_sales_and_valuations">Holdings, sales and valuations</h2></div>

Jean-Christophe Mayer, in The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio (2016), estimates the original retail price of the First Folio to be about 15<a href="Shilling_(English_coin)" title="Shilling (English coin)">s</a> (equivalent to £174 in 2023) for an unbound copy, and up to <a href="Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1 (equivalent to £232 in 2023) for one bound in <a href="Calfskin" title="Calfskin">calfskin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[e]</a> In terms of <a href="Purchasing_power" title="Purchasing power">purchasing power</a>, "a bound folio would be about forty times the price of a single play and represented almost two months' wages for an ordinary skilled worker."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayer2016105-34">[30]</a>

It is believed that around 750 copies of the First Folio were printed, of which there are 235 known surviving copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2016-37">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolgerpedian.d.-38">[33]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holdings">Holdings</h3></div>

The world's largest collection is in the possession of the <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> (82 copies) in <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, followed by <a href="Meisei_University" title="Meisei University">Meisei University</a> (12) in <a href="Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, the <a href="New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a> (six) in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and the <a href="British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> (five) in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>. The Folger collection alone accounts for more than one third of all known surviving copies. Together, the nine largest First Folio collections comprise more than half of all known extant copies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[34]</a>

Thirty-one American colleges and universities own a total of 38 copies of the First Folio, while seven British universities own 14 copies. Universities in possession of multiple copies include the <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (four), the <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> (four), the <a href="University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> (three), <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (three), <a href="Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> (two), <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (two), the <a href="University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (two), <a href="Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> (two) and <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (one). Three are also in the possession of the <a href="University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system, with one each at <a href="UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, <a href="UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>, and <a href="UC_Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Irvine">UC Irvine</a>. In Canada, the <a href="University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>'s <a href="Thomas_Fisher_Rare_Book_Library" title="Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library">Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library</a> owns a copy<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[34]</a> and the <a href="University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> another.<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a> Ireland's only copy resides in the Old Library at <a href="Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a>

A number of copies are held by public libraries. In the United States, the <a href="New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a> owns six copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2003222-42">[37]</a> The <a href="Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a>, <a href="Free_Library_of_Philadelphia" title="Free Library of Philadelphia">Free Library of Philadelphia</a> (a copy previously owned by <a href="John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a> and containing notes in his handwriting),<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> The <a href="Dallas_Public_Library" title="Dallas Public Library">Dallas Public Library</a> and the <a href="Buffalo_%26_Erie_County_Public_Library" title="Buffalo & Erie County Public Library">Buffalo & Erie County Public Library</a> each hold one copy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[34]</a> In the UK, the <a href="Library_of_Birmingham" title="Library of Birmingham">Library of Birmingham</a> owns one copy.

Additional copies are owned by the <a href="Huntington_Library" title="Huntington Library">Huntington Library</a> (four), <a href="The_Shakespeare_Center" title="The Shakespeare Center">The Shakespeare Centre</a> (three), the <a href="Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> (three), the <a href="California_State_Library" title="California State Library">Sutro Library</a> (two), the <a href="Morgan_Library_%26_Museum" title="Morgan Library & Museum">Morgan Library and Museum</a> (two), the <a href="Newberry_Library" title="Newberry Library">Newberry Library</a>, the <a href="Bodmer_Library" title="Bodmer Library">Fondation Martin Bodmer</a>, the <a href="State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a>, the <a href="Auckland_Central_City_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Central City Library">Auckland Central City Library</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> <a href="Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Roorkee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee">Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> and the <a href="National_Library_of_Chile" title="National Library of Chile">National Library of Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales_and_valuations">Sales and valuations</h3></div>

The First Folio is one of the most valuable printed books in the world: a copy sold at <a href="Christie's" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> in New York in October 2001 made $6.16 million <a href="Hammer_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammer price">hammer price</a> (then £3.73m).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie's2001-47">[42]</a> In October 2020, a copy sold by <a href="Mills_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Mills College">Mills College</a> at Christie's fetched a price of $10 million,<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> making it the <a href="List_of_most_expensive_books_and_manuscripts" title="List of most expensive books and manuscripts">most expensive work of literature</a> ever auctioned.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a>

<a href="Oriel_College%2C_Oxford" title="Oriel College, Oxford">Oriel College, Oxford</a>, raised a conjectured £3.5 million from the sale of its First Folio to <a href="John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">Sir Paul Getty</a> in 2003.

To commemorate the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death in 2016, the <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> toured some of its 82 First Folios for display in all 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFessenden2016-50">[45]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discoveries_of_previously_unknown_Folios">Discoveries of previously unknown Folios</h3></div>

In 2003, Anthony West identified a book previously thought to be a Second Folio in the collection of <a href="Craven_Museum_%26_Gallery" title="Craven Museum & Gallery">Craven Museum</a> in Skipton, North Yorkshire, as a First Folio. It had been donated to the museum in 1936 by a local mill owner. This copy is missing its introductory pages and all the comedies.<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a>

On 13 July 2006, a complete copy of the First Folio owned by <a href="Dr_Williams's_Library" title="Dr Williams's Library">Dr Williams's Library</a> was auctioned at <a href="Sotheby's" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auction house. The book, which was in its original 17th-century binding, sold for £2,808,000, less than Sotheby's top estimate of £3.5 million. This copy is one of only about 40 remaining complete copies (most of the existing copies are incomplete); only one other copy of the book remains in private ownership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIggulden2006-52">[47]</a>

On 11 July 2008, it was reported that a copy stolen from <a href="Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a>, England, in 1998 had been recovered after being submitted for valuation at the Folger Shakespeare Library. News reports estimated the folio's value at anywhere from £250,000 in total for the First Folio and all the other books and manuscripts stolen (<a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 1998), up to $30 million (<a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 2008).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2008-53">[48]</a> Although the book, once the property of <a href="John_Cosin" title="John Cosin">John Cosin</a>, the <a href="Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a>, was returned to the library, it had been mutilated and was missing its cover and title page.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWainwright2010-54">[49]</a> The folio was returned to public display on 19 June 2010 after its 12-year absence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight2010-55">[50]</a> Fifty-three-year-old Raymond Scott received an eight-year prison sentence for <a href="Handling_stolen_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Handling stolen goods">handling stolen goods</a>, but was acquitted of the theft itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201143-56">[51]</a> A July 2010 BBC programme about the affair, Stealing Shakespeare, portrayed Scott as a fantasist and petty thief.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2010-57">[52]</a> In 2013, Scott killed himself in his prison cell.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2013-58">[53]</a>

In November 2014, a previously unknown First Folio was found in a public library in <a href="Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a>, <a href="Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, where it had lain for 200 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2014-59">[54]</a> Confirmation of its authenticity came from Eric Rasmussen of the <a href="University_of_Nevada%2C_Reno" title="University of Nevada, Reno">University of Nevada, Reno</a>, one of the foremost authorities on Shakespeare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2014-59">[54]</a> The title page and introductory material are missing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2014-59">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulholland2014-60">[55]</a> The name "Neville", written on the first surviving page, may indicate that it once belonged to <a href="Edward_Scarisbrick" title="Edward Scarisbrick">Edward Scarisbrick</a>, who fled England due to <a href="Recusancy" title="Recusancy">anti-Catholic repression</a>, attended the Jesuit <a href="Saint-Omer_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Omer College">Saint-Omer College</a>, and was known to use that alias.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014-36">[31]</a>

In March 2016, Christie's announced that a previously unrecorded copy once owned by 19th-century collector Sir George Augustus Shuckburgh-Evelyn would be auctioned on 25 May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinnigan2016-61">[56]</a> According to the <a href="Antiques_Trade_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiques Trade Gazette">Antiques Trade Gazette</a>, an American collector paid £1,600,000 for it; the buyer also successfully bid on copies of the second, third, and fourth folios.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a>

In April 2016, another new discovery was announced: a First Folio found in <a href="Mount_Stuart_House" title="Mount Stuart House">Mount Stuart House</a> on the <a href="Isle_of_Bute" title="Isle of Bute">Isle of Bute</a>, <a href="Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. It was authenticated by Professor <a href="Emma_Smith_(scholar)" title="Emma Smith (scholar)">Emma Smith</a> of Oxford University.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoughlan2016-63">[58]</a> The Folio originally belonged to <a href="Isaac_Reed" title="Isaac Reed">Isaac Reed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2016-64">[59]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conspiracy_theory">Conspiracy theory</h2></div>

It has been suggested by <a href="Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theorists</a> that The First Folio was a <a href="Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a> identifying the actor William Shakspeare of <a href="Stratford-Upon-Avon" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford-Upon-Avon">Stratford-Upon-Avon</a> as the <a href="Pen-name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen-name">pen-name</a> of another writer. The First Folio curiously does not include any kind of a biography of the supposedly famous author, or any <a href="Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">ornaments</a> in the book's <a href="Droeshout_portrait" title="Droeshout portrait">odd portrait</a> of the author, as were common practice at the time. It does not mention Shakespeare's year of birth or year of death, his involvement in acting companies such as <a href="The_King's_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="The King's Men">The King's Men</a>, details about his plays, anything about his family or him achieving a <a href="Coat_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms">Coat of Arms</a>, and does not specifically mention Stratford-Upon-Avon as his birth place. Furthermore, in his preface, <a href="Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> ambiguously urges the reader to "Look Not on his Picture, but his Book”. A double line under the cheekbone in the book's portrait of Shakespeare has been interpreted as the image is a <a href="Mask" title="Mask">mask</a> to cover the actual writer of the works.<a href="#cite_note-a-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-b-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-67">[62]</a>

Supporters of the <a href="Oxfordian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship" title="Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship">Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship</a> identify <a href="Edward_de_Vere%2C_17th_Earl_of_Oxford" title="Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford">Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford</a> as the author of the plays attributed to William Shakespeare in the First Folio. They point out several contradictions and ambiguities in the preface of the First Folio and the fact that the First Folio was dedicated to <a href="William_Herbert%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke">William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke</a> and <a href="Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke">Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke</a>, the latter being the son-in-law of Edward de Vere, as indications that William Shakespeare was merely a pen-name for the true author of the works.<a href="#cite_note-a-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-b-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-67">[62]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">Books in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most_expensive_books_and_manuscripts" title="List of most expensive books and manuscripts">List of most expensive books and manuscripts</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> More generally, the term first folio is employed in other appropriate contexts, as in connection with the <a href="Ben_Jonson_folios" title="Ben Jonson folios">first folio collection of Ben Jonson's works</a> (1616), or the first folio collection of the plays in the <a href="Beaumont_and_Fletcher_folios" title="Beaumont and Fletcher folios">Beaumont and Fletcher canon</a> (1647).

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The exact years of his London career are unknown, but biographers suggest that it may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before <a href="Robert_Greene_(dramatist)" title="Robert Greene (dramatist)">Robert Greene</a> mentions Shakespeare in his <a href="Greene's_Groats-Worth_of_Wit" title="Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit">Groats-Worth of Wit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells200628-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987144–146-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers193059-8">[7]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Dates follow the <a href="Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, used in England throughout Shakespeare's lifespan, but with the start of the year adjusted to 1 January (see <a href="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a>). Under the <a href="Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, adopted in Catholic countries in 1582, Shakespeare died on 3 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987xv-10">[8]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="Edward_Fairfax" title="Edward Fairfax">Edward Fairfax</a>'s translation of <a href="Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a>'s <a href="Jerusalem_Delivered" title="Jerusalem Delivered">Godfrey of Bulloigne</a> (1600), <a href="Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood">Thomas Heywood</a>'s Troia Britanica (1609), and <a href="Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>'s <a href="Decameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Decameron">Decameron</a> (1620) was published in folio by <a href="William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William</a> and Isaac Jaggard; <a href="Montaigne" class="mw-redirect" title="Montaigne">Montaigne</a>'s <a href="Essays_(Montaigne)" title="Essays (Montaigne)">Essays</a> (1603, 1613), <a href="Samuel_Daniel" title="Samuel Daniel">Samuel Daniel</a>'s Panegyricke Congratulatory (1603), <a href="Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a>'s <a href="Pharsalia" title="Pharsalia">Pharsalia</a> (1614), and <a href="James_Mabbe" title="James Mabbe">James Mabbe</a>'s translation of <a href="Mateo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Mateo Alemán">Mateo Alemán</a>'s <a href="Guzm%C3%A1n_de_Alfarache" title="Guzmán de Alfarache">The Rogue</a> (1623) were published by <a href="Edward_Blount" title="Edward Blount">Edward Blount</a>; and <a href="John_Smethwick" title="John Smethwick">John Smethwick</a> published <a href="Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>'s <a href="Ben_Jonson_folios" title="Ben Jonson folios">Works</a> (1616), and <a href="Michael_Drayton" title="Michael Drayton">Michael Drayton</a>'s Poems (1619). All told, a quarter of the literary folios produced in London between 1600 and 1623 were the work of these three publishers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201626-18">[15]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> He also cites previous estimates from Anthony James West, based in part on unpublished estimates by Peter Blayney, that the publisher's cost was about 6s 8<a href="Penny_(English_coin)" title="Penny (English coin)">d</a> (equivalent to £77 in 2023), and the wholesale price no more than 10s (equivalent to £116 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayer2016105-34">[30]</a>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian2015">The Guardian 2015</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Libraryn.d.-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Libraryn.d._3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBritish_Libraryn.d.">British Library n.d</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119120811/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/making-shakespeare-first-folio/15130/">Making Shakespeare: The First Folio</a> November 17, 2023, <a href="PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWexler2023" class="citation web cs1">Wexler, Ellen (2023-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/without-first-folio-william-shakespeare-plays-lost-history-180982021/">"Without the First Folio, Half of Shakespeare's Plays Would Have Been Lost to History"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2025-03-09.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells200628-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells200628_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWells2006">Wells 2006</a>, p. 28.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987144–146-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987144–146_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, pp. 144–146.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers193059-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChambers193059_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChambers1930">Chambers 1930</a>, p. 59.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987xv-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchoenbaum1987xv_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, p. xv.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20166-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20166_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20166_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20166_12-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, p. 6.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20162–3_13-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, pp. 2–3.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons201610-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons201610_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, p. 10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20167-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20167_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20167_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, p. 7.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20168-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20168_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20168_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, p. 8.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20168–9-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20168–9_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, pp. 8–9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201626-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201626_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRasmussen2016">Rasmussen 2016</a>, p. 26.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons20161-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons20161_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons2016">Lyons 2016</a>, p. 1.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2015321–323-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2015321–323_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdmondson2015">Edmondson 2015</a>, pp. 321–323.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFConnelly2023" class="citation web cs1">Connelly, Charlie (22 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/shakespeare-conquered-the-world-elsewhere/">"Shakespeare conquered the world elsewhere The first recorded purchase of Shakespeare's collected works came 400 years ago – and the compendium soon crossed into Europe"</a>. New European. Retrieved 24 November 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErne201326-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErne201326_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFErne2013">Erne 2013</a>, p. 26.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201641-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiggins201641_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHiggins2016">Higgins 2016</a>, p. 41.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Liber D, p. 69: see <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/resource/document/stationers-register-entry-first-folio-16-shakespeares-comedies-histories-and">"Stationers' Register Entry for the First Folio (16 of Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies)"</a>. Shakespeare Documented. <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>. 27 September 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642–44-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642–44_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHiggins2016">Higgins 2016</a>, p. 42–44.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1939257–264-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1939257–264_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1939">Smith 1939</a>, pp. 257–264.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1974-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1974_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1974">Evans 1974</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964420-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964420_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHalliday1964">Halliday 1964</a>, p. 420.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964113-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964113_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHalliday1964">Halliday 1964</a>, p. 113.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964390-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964390_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHalliday1964">Halliday 1964</a>, p. 390.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964319-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliday1964319_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHalliday1964">Halliday 1964</a>, p. 319.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAndrea_Mays" class="citation web cs1">Andrea Mays. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/05/14/406470976/a-fortune-in-folios-one-man-s-hunt-for-shakespeare-s-first-editions">"A Fortune In Folios: One Man's Hunt For Shakespeare's First Editions"</a>. NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-02-23.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayer2016105-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayer2016105_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMayer2016105_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMayer2016">Mayer 2016</a>, p. 105.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchuessler2014_36-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchuessler2014">Schuessler 2014</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2016-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2016_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian2016">The Guardian 2016</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolgerpedian.d.-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFolgerpedian.d._38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFolgerpedian.d.">Folgerpedia n.d</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playshakespeare.com/forum/first-folio-tracking">"First Folio tracking"</a>. www.playshakespeare.com. Retrieved 2021-02-23.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/shakespeare-first-folio-1.6312592">Rare first edition of Shakespeare's plays acquired by UBC now on display at the Vancouver Art Gallery</a> <a href="CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> 12 Jan 2022

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2003222-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2003222_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest2003">West 2003</a>, p. 222.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folger.edu/podcasts/shakespeare-unlimited/milton-first-folio/#:~:text=It%20was%20discovered%20that%20a,Shakespeare%2C%20in%20his%20own%20handwriting.">"John Milton's Copy of Shakespeare"</a>. Shakespeare Unlimited. Folger Shakespeare Library. October 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-listener/culture/its-been-400-years-since-shakespeares-first-folio-was-published-and-theres-one-in-aucklands-main-public-library/OMBKNW7E2JFBBMFS4V6CIQ25FQ/#:~:text=The%20Auckland%20library's%20folio%20was,and%20appeared%20in%20his%20plays">"The 16m Shakespeare treasure sitting in a NZ library"</a>. 2023-07-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/original-1623-edition-of-bards-first-folio-found-at-iit-roorkee/articleshow/67843976.cms">"Original 1623 edition of Bard's First Folio found at IIT Roorkee"</a>. The Times of India. 2019-02-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424134502/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/original-1623-edition-of-bards-first-folio-found-at-iit-roorkee/articleshow/67843976.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-08-27.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017011342/http://www.bncatalogo.gob.cl/F/XR14CF1IT3HVYPDMT2AKGTYR87QQHFKG7XFYTRTD226CA59IC2-36830?func=full-set-set&set_number=039747&set_entry=001049&format=999">"Mr. William Shakespeares : comedies, histories, & tragedies. Published according to the true originall copies"</a>. Catálogo Bibliográfico BN (in Spanish). Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. 16 October 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.gob.cl/F/XR14CF1IT3HVYPDMT2AKGTYR87QQHFKG7XFYTRTD226CA59IC2-36830?func=full-set-set&set_number=039747&set_entry=001049&format=999">the original</a> on 2020-10-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie's2001-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie's2001_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChristie's2001">Christie's 2001</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-54544737">"Shakesperare First Folio fetches record $10m at auction"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavis-Marks" class="citation web cs1">Davis-Marks, Isis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/shakespeares-first-folio-sells-ten-million-dollars-180976074/">"Shakespeare's First Folio Is the Most Expensive Work of Literature Ever Auctioned"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-02-24.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFessenden2016-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFessenden2016_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFessenden2016">Fessenden 2016</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skiptontownhall.co.uk/collection-stories/cs-shakespeares-first-folio/">"CS - Shakespeare's First Folio"</a>. Skipton Town Hall.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIggulden2006-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIggulden2006_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIggulden2006">Iggulden 2006</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2008-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2008_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollins2008">Collins 2008</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWainwright2010-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWainwright2010_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWainwright2010">Wainwright 2010</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight2010-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight2010_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacknight2010">Macknight 2010</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201143-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201143_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRasmussen2011">Rasmussen 2011</a>, p. 43.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERees2010-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees2010_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRees2010">Rees 2010</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2013-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2013_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC2013">BBC 2013</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2014-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2014_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2014_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2014_59-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC2014">BBC 2014</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulholland2014-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMulholland2014_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMulholland2014">Mulholland 2014</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinnigan2016-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinnigan2016_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinnigan2016">Finnigan 2016</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlex_Capon2016" class="citation web cs1">Alex Capon (27 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antiquestradegazette.com/news/2016/us-collector-splashes-out-248m-on-four-shakespeare-folios-at-christie-s/">"US collector splashes out £2.48m on four Shakespeare folios at Christie's"</a>. Antiques Trade Gazette.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoughlan2016-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoughlan2016_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoughlan2016">Coughlan 2016</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2016-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2016_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2016">Smith 2016</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-a-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_65-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFChiljan,_Katherine" class="citation web cs1">Chiljan, Katherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/wp-content/uploads/BC_FF_Chiljan_First-Folio-Fraud.pdf">"First Folio Fraud"</a> (PDF).</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-b-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_66-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFStrittmatter,_Roger" class="citation web cs1">Strittmatter, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/first-folio/">"The First Folio: A Shakespearean Enigma"</a>. Shakespeare Oxford Fellowship.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-c-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_67-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFWhalen,_Richard_F." class="citation web cs1">Whalen, Richard F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/wp-content/uploads/BC_FF_Whalen_Look-not-on-Picture.pdf">""Look Not on this Picture": Ambiguity in the Shakespeare First Folio"</a> (PDF). Shakespeare Oxford Fellowship.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Ackroyd, Peter</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespeare00pete">Shakespeare: The Biography</a>. London: Vintage. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7493-8655-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBBC2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/york/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9431000/9431253.stm">"Rare Shakespeare folio goes on display in Skipton"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 21 March 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBBC2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-25304085">"Shakespeare folio dealer Raymond Scott killed himself"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBBC2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30206476">"Shakespeare Folio found in French library"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBevington2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="David_Bevington" title="David Bevington">Bevington, David</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespeare0000bevi">Shakespeare</a>. Oxford: <a href="Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-631-22719-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChambers1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="E._K._Chambers" title="E. K. Chambers">Chambers, E. K.</a> (1930). William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems. Vol. I. Oxford: <a href="Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-811774-4</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/353406">353406</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChristie's2001" class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/about-us/press-archive/details/?pressreleaseid=198">"Wliiam Shakespeare's First Folio Sells for $6,166,000 at Christie's New York, Establishing a World Auction Record for any 17th Century Book"</a> (Press release). <a href="Christie's" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>. 8 October 2001. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCollins2008" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Paul (17 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2008/07/folioed_again.html">"Folioed Again: Why Shakespeare is the world's worst stolen treasure"</a>. <a href="Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCoughlan2016" class="citation web cs1">Coughlan, Sean (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/education-35973094">"Shakespeare First Folio discovered on Scottish island"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2015" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Paul (2015). "His editors John Heminges and Henry Condell". In Edmondson, Paul; <a href="Stanley_Wells" title="Stanley Wells">Wells, Stanley</a> (eds.). The Shakespeare Circle: An Alternative Biography. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 315–328. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781107286580.030">10.1017/CBO9781107286580.030</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1107286580</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFErne2013" class="citation book cs1">Erne, Lukas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:11985">Shakespeare as Literary Dramatist</a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139342445">10.1017/CBO9781139342445</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1139342445</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEvans1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="G._Blakemore_Evans" title="G. Blakemore Evans">Evans, G. Blakemore</a>, ed. (1974). <a href="The_Riverside_Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="The Riverside Shakespeare">The Riverside Shakespeare</a>. <a href="Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0395044025</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFarber2013" class="citation web cs1">Farber, Robert D. (3 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brandeisspecialcollections.blogspot.no/2013/10/shakespeare-first-folio.html">"Shakespeare collection"</a>. Brandeis Special Collections Spotlight. <a href="Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFessenden2016" class="citation web cs1">Fessenden, Marissa (7 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/shakespeares-first-folio-goes-tour-us-180957736/">"Shakespeare's First Folio Goes on Tour in the U.S."</a> <a href="Smithsonian_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Magazine">Smithsonian Magazine</a>. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFinnigan2016" class="citation news cs1">Finnigan, Lexi (17 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317134835/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/12197158/Holy-Grail-of-Shakespeares-first-Four-Folios-set-to-go-on-sale-in-London.html">"'Holy Grail' of Shakespeare's first Four Folios set to go on sale in London"</a>. <a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/12197158/Holy-Grail-of-Shakespeares-first-Four-Folios-set-to-go-on-sale-in-London.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFolgerpedian.d." class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/First_Folios_at_the_Folger">"First Folios at the Folger"</a>. Folgerpedia. <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>. n.d. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGreenblatt2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Stephen_Greenblatt" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Greenblatt, Stephen</a> (2005). Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare. London: <a href="Pimlico_(publishing_imprint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimlico (publishing imprint)">Pimlico</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0712600989</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGreenblatt2016" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="Stephen_Greenblatt" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Greenblatt, Stephen</a> (21 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/04/21/how-shakespeare-lives-now/">"How Shakespeare Lives Now"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. Vol. 63, no. 7. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160404233859/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/04/21/how-shakespeare-lives-now/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian2015" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/aug/07/10-books-that-shaped-the-world">"Ten books that changed the world"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/apr/07/shakespeare-first-folio-discovered-stately-home-scottish-isle-bute">"Shakespeare first folio discovered at stately home on Scottish island"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHalliday1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="F.E._Halliday" class="mw-redirect" title="F.E. Halliday">Halliday, F. E.</a> (1964). A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964. Baltimore: <a href="Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64005260">64005260</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/683393">683393</a>. <a href="OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL16529592M">16529592M</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2016" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, B.D.R. (2016). "Printing the First Folio". In Smith, Emma (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio. Cambridge Companions to Shakespeare. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 30–47. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCO9781316162552.004">10.1017/CCO9781316162552.004</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1316162552</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHonan1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Park_Honan" title="Park Honan">Honan, Park</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespearelife00hona">Shakespeare: A Life</a>. Oxford: <a href="Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0198117926</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFIggulden2006" class="citation news cs1">Iggulden, Amy (14 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523856/Shakespeare-First-Folio-sells-for-2.8m.html">"Shakespeare First Folio sells for £2.8m"</a>. <a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231204110540/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523856/Shakespeare-First-Folio-sells-for-2.8m.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLyons2016" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, Tara L. (2016). "Shakespeare in Print Before 1623". In Smith, Emma (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio. Cambridge Companions to Shakespeare. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 1–17. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCO9781316162552.002">10.1017/CCO9781316162552.002</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1316162552</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMacknight2010" class="citation web cs1">Macknight, Hugh (18 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/stolen-shakespeare-folio-is-given-its-day-in-court-2004770.html">"Stolen Shakespeare folio is given its day in court"</a>. <a href="The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMayer2016" class="citation book cs1">Mayer, Jean-Christophe (2016). "Early Buyers and Readers". In Smith, Emma (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio. Cambridge Companions to Shakespeare. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 103–119. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCO9781316162552.008">10.1017/CCO9781316162552.008</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1316162552</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMeisei_Universityn.d." class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakes.meisei-u.ac.jp/e-meiseicopy.html">"Meisei University Shakespeare Collection Database"</a>. <a href="Meisei_University" title="Meisei University">Meisei University</a>. n.d. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMulholland2014" class="citation news cs1">Mulholland, Rory (25 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/william-shakespeare/11252614/Shakespeare-First-Folio-discovered-in-French-library.html">"Shakespeare First Folio discovered in French library"</a>. <a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen2011" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Eric (2011). The Shakespeare Thefts: In Search of the First Folios. <a href="St._Martin's_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0230341203</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen2016" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Eric (2016). "Publishing the First Folio". In Smith, Emma (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's First Folio. Cambridge Companions to Shakespeare. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 18–29. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCO9781316162552.003">10.1017/CCO9781316162552.003</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1316162552</bdi> – via <a href="Cambridge_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Core">Cambridge Core</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenWest2012" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Eric; West, Anthony James, eds. (2012). The Shakespeare First Folios: A Descriptive Catalogue. Oxford: <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0230517653</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRees2010" class="citation web cs1">Rees, Jasper (30 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartsdesk.com/tv/stealing-shakespeare-bbc-one?page=0,1">"Stealing Shakespeare, BBC One: Dodgy dealer, dodgy documentary"</a>. <a href="The_Arts_Desk" title="The Arts Desk">The Arts Desk</a>. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSchuessler2014" class="citation web cs1">Schuessler, Jennifer (25 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/26/arts/shakespeare-folio-discovered-in-france-.html?_r=0">"Shakespeare Folio Discovered in France"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141126092626/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/26/arts/shakespeare-folio-discovered-in-france-.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Emma (6 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/vamped-till-ready/">"Vamped till ready"</a>. <a href="The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a>. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmith1939" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Robert M. (1939). "Why a First Folio Shakespeare Remained in England". <a href="The_Review_of_English_Studies" title="The Review of English Studies">The Review of English Studies</a>. 15 (59). <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 257–264. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fres%2Fos-XV.59.257">10.1093/res/os-XV.59.257</a>. <a href="EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-6968">1471-6968</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6551">0034-6551</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/509788">509788</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFVincent2016" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, Helen (20 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402225517/https://blog.nls.uk/shakespeares-first-folio/">"Shakespeare's First Folio"</a>. <a href="National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nls.uk/shakespeares-first-folio/">the original</a> on 2018-04-02. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2010" class="citation web cs1">Wainwright, Martin (9 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jul/09/raymond-scott-stolen-shakespeare-first-folio">"Raymond Scott guilty of handling stolen folio of Shakespeare's plays"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWest2003" class="citation book cs1">West, Anthony James (2003). A New Worldwide Census of First Folios. The Shakespeare First Folio: The History of the Book. Vol. II. Oxford: <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0198187684</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Libraryn.d." class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705034956/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/shakespeares-first-folio">"Shakespeare's First Folio"</a>. <a href="British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/shakespeares-first-folio">the original</a> on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2 April 2021.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Peter_W._M._Blayney" title="Peter W. M. Blayney">Blayney, Peter W. M.</a> (1991). The First Folio of Shakespeare. Washington: <a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0962925436</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="W._W._Greg" title="W. W. Greg">Greg, W. W.</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespearefirst0000greg">The Shakespeare First Folio: Its Bibliographical and Textual History</a>. Oxford: <a href="Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015016411061">2027/mdp.39015016411061</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/580880">580880</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Charlton_Hinman" title="Charlton Hinman">Hinman, Charlton</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printingproofrea0000hinm">The Printing and Proof-Reading of the First Folio</a>. Oxford: <a href="Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015002186073">2027/mdp.39015002186073</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0198116134</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/164878968">164878968</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</li>

<li>Nicholson, Catherine, "Theater for a New Audience" (review of <a href="Emma_Smith" title="Emma Smith">Emma Smith</a>, Shakespeare's First Folio: Four Centuries of an Iconic Book, <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2023, 379 pp.; Chris Laoutaris, Shakespeare's Book: The Story Behind the First Folio and the Making of Shakespeare, Pegasus, 2023, 516 pp.; and <a href="Ben_Higgins" title="Ben Higgins">Ben Higgins</a>, Shakespeare's Syndicate: The First Folio, Its Publishers, and the Early Modern Book Trade, <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2023, 291 pp.), <a href="The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, vol. LXX, no. 17 (2 November 2023), pp. 57–59. "<a href="Emma_Smith" title="Emma Smith">Emma Smith</a> argues in Shakespeare's First Folio: Four Centuries of an Iconic Book, first published in 2016 and now reissued with a fresh preface, [that] it is possible to overstate both the value and the significance of the 1623 Shakespeare folio. Indeed, Smith suggests, that is what we continually do, exaggerating its rarity, inflating its price, overlooking its textual and bibliographic weaknesses, fantasizing about its relation to Shakespeare himself, and forgetting or willfully obscuring the million accidents and historical contingencies that have facilitated its rise." (p. 57.)</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Alfred_W._Pollard" title="Alfred W. Pollard">Pollard, Alfred W.</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundationsofsha00polluoft">The Foundations of Shakespeare's Text</a>. London: <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015024389275">2027/mdp.39015024389275</a>. <a href="OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7040376M">7040376M</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSchoenbaum1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Samuel_Schoenbaum" title="Samuel Schoenbaum">Schoenbaum, S.</a> (1987). William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life (Revised ed.). Oxford: <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-505161-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Emma_Smith_(scholar)" title="Emma Smith (scholar)">Smith, Emma</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yVKrgEACAAJ">The Making of Shakespeare's First Folio</a>. Oxford: Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781851244423</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Emma_Smith_(scholar)" title="Emma Smith (scholar)">Smith, Emma</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCbRCwAAQBAJ">Shakespeare's First Folio: Four Centuries of an Iconic Book</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780191069284</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alice (1953). Textual Problems of the First Folio: Richard III, King Lear, Troilus & Cressida, 2 Henry IV, Hamlet, Othello. Shakespeare problems. Vol. 7. Cambridge: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015015376612">2027/mdp.39015015376612</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1017312216">1017312216</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWells1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Stanley_Wells" title="Stanley Wells">Wells, Stanley</a> (1997). Shakespeare: A Life in Drama. New York: <a href="W.W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton">W.W. Norton</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-393-31562-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWells2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Stanley_Wells" title="Stanley Wells">Wells, Stanley</a> (2006). Shakespeare & Co. New York: <a href="Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-375-42494-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Willoughby, Edwin Eliott (1932). The Printing of the First Folio of Shakespeare. Supplement to the Bibliographical Society's Transactions; no. 8. Oxford: <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.32106005244717">2027/uc1.32106005244717</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2163079">2163079</a>. <a href="OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6285205M">6285205M</a>.</cite></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:First_Folio" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:First Folio">First Folio</a>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article:

<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Shakespeare_-_First_Folio_facsimile_(1910)" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Shakespeare - First Folio facsimile (1910)">First Folio</a></div></div></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_resources">General resources</h3></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn2.rsc.org.uk/sitefinity/Play-resources/case_for_the_folio.pdf?sfvrsn=63c35521_2">Jonathan Bate: The Case for the Folio</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2270/">Project Gutenberg Shakespeare's First Folio</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/100/">Project Gutenberg The Complete Works of William Shakespeare</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_facsimiles">Digital facsimiles</h3></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/book.html">West 31</a> – The <a href="Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrvvilliamshakes00shak">West 150</a> – The <a href="Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a>'s First Folio, digitized by the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folio.unotate.com/folios/first/">First Folio on Unotate Folio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020184902/https://folio.unotate.com/folios/first/">Archived</a> 2021-10-20 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/facsimile/overview/book/F1.html">The Internet Shakespeare Editions</a>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/facsimile/book/Bran_F1/">West 153</a> – <a href="Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>'s First Folio, digitized for the Internet Shakespeare Editions project</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/facsimile/book/SLNSW_F1/">West 192</a> – The <a href="State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a>'s First Folio, digitized for the Internet Shakespeare Editions project</li></ul></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-SSS-00010-00006/1">West 6</a> – The <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/2h5pnh">West 63</a> – Folger Folio no. 5</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:citation:99846615">West 65</a> – Folger Folio no. 7 – via <a href="EEBO" class="mw-redirect" title="EEBO">EEBO</a> (subscription required)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/5q6w36">West 67</a> – Folger Folio no. 9</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/p3hv79">West 126</a> – Folger Folio no. 68</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folger.edu/the-shakespeare-first-folio-folger-copy-no-19#page/Front+outside+cover/mode/2up">West 77</a> – Folger Folio no. 19</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folger.edu/the-shakespeare-first-folio-folger-copy-no-22#page/Front+outside+cover/mode/2up">West 80</a> – Folger Folio no. 22</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folger.edu/the-shakespeare-first-folio-folger-copy-no-33#page/Front+outside+cover/mode/2up">West 91</a> – Folger Folio no. 33</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folger.edu/the-shakespeare-first-folio-folger-copy-no-38#page/Front+outside+cover/mode/2up">West 96</a> – Folger Folio no. 38</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folger.edu/the-shakespeare-first-folio-folger-copy-no-43#page/Front+outside+cover/mode/2up">West 101</a> – Folger Folio no. 43</li></ul></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/9s161g78s">West 45</a> <a href="Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bodmerlab.unige.ch/fr/constellations/early-modern-english-books/barcode/1072056510">West 216</a> – The <a href="Bodmer_Library" title="Bodmer Library">Bodmer Library</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15878coll70/id/921">West 185</a> – The <a href="Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections/view/587/5_shakespeares_first_folio">West 12</a> – The <a href="Brotherton_Library" title="Brotherton Library">Brotherton Library</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakes.meisei-u.ac.jp/search.html">West 201</a> – <a href="Meisei_University" title="Meisei University">Meisei University</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521134409/http://contentdm.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/wshakespeare/id/11655">West 174</a> – <a href="Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/shakespeare-400/shakespeares-first-folio">West 192</a> – The <a href="State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/printedbooksNew/index.cfm?textID=firstfolio&PagePosition=1">West 180</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901053841/http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/printedbooksNew/index.cfm?textID=firstfolio&PagePosition=1">Archived</a> 2020-09-01 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – The <a href="Furness_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Furness Library">Furness Library</a>'s First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internetculturale.it/jmms/iccuviewer/iccu.jsp?id=oai%3Awww.internetculturale.sbn.it%2FTeca%3A20%3ANT0000%3APUVE029331&mode=all&teca=MagTeca+-+ICCU&fulltext=1">West 198</a> - The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotecauniversitariapadova.beniculturali.it/">Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova</a> 's First Folio</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotheque-numerique.bibliotheque-agglo-stomer.fr/viewer/18140/">Unnumbered</a> – The Bibliothèque d’agglomération de Saint-Omer's First Folio (discovered in 2016, after the West census)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:24-digibib-bsz34999692X6">West 197</a> – The <a href="W%C3%BCrttembergische_Landesbibliothek" title="Württembergische Landesbibliothek">Württembergische Landesbibliothek</a>'s First Folio</li></ul>

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</style><div id="William_Shakespeare444" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespeare's_plays" title="Shakespeare's plays">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Comedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a></li>

<li><a href="Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Love's_Labour's_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a></li>

<li><a href="Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></li>

<li><a href="A_Midsummer_Night's_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></li>

<li><a href="Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></li>

<li><a href="Pericles%2C_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a> ✻</li>

<li><a href="The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></li>

<li><a href="Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a> ✻</li>

<li><a href="The_Winter's_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespearean_tragedy" title="Shakespearean tragedy">Tragedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></li>

<li><a href="Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></li>

<li><a href="Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></li>

<li><a href="Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></li>

<li><a href="Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></li>

<li><a href="Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></li>

<li><a href="Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a></li>

<li><a href="Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></li>

<li><a href="Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespearean_history" title="Shakespearean history">Histories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Edward_III_(play)" title="Edward III (play)">Edward III</a> ✻</li>

<li><a href="Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></li>

<li>Henry IV

<li><a href="Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_VI_(play)" title="Henry VI (play)">Henry VI</a>

<li><a href="Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a> ✻</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Early_texts_of_Shakespeare's_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">Early editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">Quarto publications</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shakespearean_problem_play" title="Shakespearean problem play">Problem plays</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_late_romances" title="Shakespeare's late romances">Late romances</a></li>

<li><a href="Henriad" title="Henriad">Henriad</a></li>

<li>Characters

<li><a href="Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">Ghost character</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chronology_of_Shakespeare's_plays" title="Chronology of Shakespeare's plays">Chronology</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_in_performance" title="Shakespeare in performance">Performances</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Shakespearean_settings" title="List of Shakespearean settings">Settings</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Shakespearean_scenes" title="List of Shakespearean scenes">Scenes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="Chandos_portrait" title="Chandos portrait"></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shakespeare's_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">Shakespeare's sonnets</a>

<ul><li><a href="Petrarch's_and_Shakespeare's_sonnets" title="Petrarch's and Shakespeare's sonnets">comparison to Petrarch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="A_Lover's_Complaint" title="A Lover's Complaint">A Lover's Complaint</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle" title="The Phoenix and the Turtle">The Phoenix and the Turtle</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Rape_of_Lucrece" title="The Rape of Lucrece">The Rape of Lucrece</a></li>

<li><a href="Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespeare_apocrypha" title="Shakespeare apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arden_of_Faversham" title="Arden of Faversham">Arden of Faversham</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Birth_of_Merlin" title="The Birth of Merlin">The Birth of Merlin</a></li>

<li><a href="The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">Cardenio</a> ✻†</li>

<li><a href="Double_Falsehood" title="Double Falsehood">Double Falsehood</a></li>

<li><a href="Edmund_Ironside_(play)" title="Edmund Ironside (play)">Edmund Ironside</a></li>

<li><a href="Locrine" title="Locrine">Locrine</a></li>

<li><a href="The_London_Prodigal" title="The London Prodigal">The London Prodigal</a></li>

<li><a href="Love's_Labour's_Won" title="Love's Labour's Won">Love's Labour's Won</a> †</li>

<li><a href="The_Merry_Devil_of_Edmonton" title="The Merry Devil of Edmonton">The Merry Devil of Edmonton</a></li>

<li><a href="Mucedorus" title="Mucedorus">Mucedorus</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Puritan" title="The Puritan">The Puritan</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Second_Maiden's_Tragedy" title="The Second Maiden's Tragedy">The Second Maiden's Tragedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sejanus_His_Fall" title="Sejanus His Fall">Sejanus His Fall</a></li>

<li><a href="Sir_John_Oldcastle" title="Sir John Oldcastle">Sir John Oldcastle</a></li>

<li><a href="Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More</a> ✻</li>

<li><a href="The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Lord_Cromwell" title="Thomas Lord Cromwell">Thomas Lord Cromwell</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_of_Woodstock_(play)" title="Thomas of Woodstock (play)">Thomas of Woodstock</a></li>

<li><a href="Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a> †</li>

<li><a href="Vortigern_and_Rowena" title="Vortigern and Rowena">Vortigern and Rowena</a></li>

<li><a href="A_Yorkshire_Tragedy" title="A Yorkshire Tragedy">A Yorkshire Tragedy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a></li>

<li><a href="To_the_Queen" title="To the Queen">To the Queen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Life_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Life of William Shakespeare">Life</a> and <a href="List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shakespeare's_Birthplace" title="Shakespeare's Birthplace">Birthplace</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">Bibliography</a>

<ul><li><a href="Complete_Works_of_Shakespeare" title="Complete Works of Shakespeare">Complete Works</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_translations_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of translations of works by William Shakespeare">Translations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="William_Shakespeare's_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Collaborations</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_editors" title="Shakespeare's editors">Editors</a></li>

<li><a href="English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_handwriting" title="Shakespeare's handwriting">Handwriting</a></li>

<li><a href="Lord_Chamberlain's_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>/<a href="King's_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a>

<ul><li><a href="The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Curtain_Theatre" title="Curtain Theatre">Curtain Theatre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_in_the_plays_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Music in the plays of William Shakespeare">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Place" title="New Place">New Place</a></li>

<li><a href="Portraits_of_Shakespeare" title="Portraits of Shakespeare">Portraits</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_views_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Religious views of William Shakespeare">Religious views</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Sexuality of William Shakespeare">Sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Spelling_of_Shakespeare's_name" title="Spelling of Shakespeare's name">Spelling of his name</a></li>

<li><a href="Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_writing_style" title="Shakespeare's writing style">Style</a></li>

<li><a href="Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity%2C_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon">Grave</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reputation_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Reputation of William Shakespeare">Legacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shakespeare_attribution_studies" title="Shakespeare attribution studies">Attribution studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Authorship question</a></li>

<li><a href="Bardolatry" title="Bardolatry">Bardolatry</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_festival" title="Shakespeare festival">Festivals</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Gardens</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Influence of William Shakespeare">Influence</a></li>

<li><a href="Memorials_to_William_Shakespeare" title="Memorials to William Shakespeare">Memorials</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_William_Shakespeare_screen_adaptations" title="List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations">Screen adaptations</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_and_Star_Trek" title="Shakespeare and Star Trek">Shakespeare and Star Trek</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_works_titled_after_Shakespeare" title="List of works titled after Shakespeare">Works titled after Shakespeare</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Institutions12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shakespeare_Quarterly" title="Shakespeare Quarterly">Shakespeare Quarterly</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>

<ul><li><a href="Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_Birthplace_Trust" title="Shakespeare Birthplace Trust">Shakespeare Birthplace Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare's_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> (replica)</li>

<li><a href="Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anne_Hathaway_(wife_of_Shakespeare)" title="Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> (wife)</li>

<li><a href="Susanna_Hall" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna Hall</a> (daughter)</li>

<li><a href="Hamnet_Shakespeare" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet Shakespeare</a> (son)</li>

<li><a href="Judith_Quiney" title="Judith Quiney">Judith Quiney</a> (daughter)</li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_Barnard" title="Elizabeth Barnard">Elizabeth Barnard</a> (granddaughter)</li>

<li><a href="John_Shakespeare" title="John Shakespeare">John Shakespeare</a> (father)</li>

<li><a href="Mary_Shakespeare" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary Arden</a> (mother)</li>

<li><a href="Gilbert_Shakespeare" title="Gilbert Shakespeare">Gilbert Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li>

<li><a href="Joan_Shakespeare" title="Joan Shakespeare">Joan Shakespeare</a> (sister)</li>

<li><a href="Edmund_Shakespeare" title="Edmund Shakespeare">Edmund Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li>

<li><a href="Richard_Shakespeare" title="Richard Shakespeare">Richard Shakespeare</a> (grandfather)</li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Quiney" title="Thomas Quiney">Thomas Quiney</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li>✻ <a href="William_Shakespeare's_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Shakespeare and other authors</a></li>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_editions_of_William_Shakespeare&#039;s_works164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Early_editions_of_William_Shakespeare&#039;s_works164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Early editions of <a href="William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s works</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Early_texts_of_Shakespeare's_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">Folios and quartos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Foul_papers" title="Foul papers">Foul papers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">List of Shakespeare plays in quarto</a></li>

<li><a href="Quarto" title="Quarto">Quarto</a></li>

<li><a href="Folio_(printing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folio (printing)">Folio</a></li>

<li><a href="Bad_quarto" title="Bad quarto">Bad quarto</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_texts_of_Shakespeare's_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">First Quarto</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a></li>

<li><a href="False_Folio" title="False Folio">False Folio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shakespeare's_editors" title="Shakespeare's editors">Early editors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Heminges" title="John Heminges">John Heminges</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Condell" title="Henry Condell">Henry Condell</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Knight_(King's_Men)" title="Edward Knight (King's Men)">Edward Knight</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Robert_Allot" title="Robert Allot">Robert Allot</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Aspley" title="William Aspley">William Aspley</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Benson_(publisher)" title="John Benson (publisher)">John Benson</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Blount" title="Edward Blount">Edward Blount</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuthbert_Burby" title="Cuthbert Burby">Cuthbert Burby</a></li>

<li><a href="Nathaniel_Butter" title="Nathaniel Butter">Nathaniel Butter</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Chetwinde" title="Philip Chetwinde">Philip Chetwinde</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Hawkins_(publisher)" title="Richard Hawkins (publisher)">Richard Hawkins</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Herringman" title="Henry Herringman">Henry Herringman</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Leake" title="William Leake">William Leake</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Meighen" title="Richard Meighen">Richard Meighen</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Millington_(publisher)" title="Thomas Millington (publisher)">Thomas Millington</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Pavier" title="Thomas Pavier">Thomas Pavier</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Smethwick" title="John Smethwick">John Smethwick</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Thorpe" title="Thomas Thorpe">Thomas Thorpe</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Walkley" title="Thomas Walkley">Thomas Walkley</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Waterson" title="John Waterson">John Waterson</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrew_Wise" title="Andrew Wise">Andrew Wise</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Printers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Edward_Allde" title="Edward Allde">Edward Allde</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Cotes" title="Thomas Cotes">Thomas Cotes</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Creede" title="Thomas Creede">Thomas Creede</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Eld" title="George Eld">George Eld</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Field_(printer)" title="Richard Field (printer)">Richard Field</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William Jaggard</a></li>

<li><a href="Augustine_Matthews" title="Augustine Matthews">Augustine Matthews</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicholas_Okes" title="Nicholas Okes">Nicholas Okes</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Roberts_(printer)" title="James Roberts (printer)">James Roberts</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Short_(printer)" title="Peter Short (printer)">Peter Short</a></li>

<li><a href="Valentine_Simmes" title="Valentine Simmes">Valentine Simmes</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Stansby" title="William Stansby">William Stansby</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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